Is Sugar Really That Bad For You? A Nutritionist Answers
Natural vs. Artificial Sweeteners — Expert Tips to Help You Choose Wisely
We have a full transcript of the episode down below:
Wellness Wisdom Episode 6: Sweeteners
Jonathan:
Hi, I’m Jonathan Tessier, and we’re back here with another one of our Health Tip video series with our nutritionist, Rebecca. How are you doing, Rebecca?
Rebecca:
I’m good! How are you today, Jonathan?
Jonathan:
I’m doing pretty good. So today we’re going to talk about sweeteners — it’s a pretty popular topic these days. Let’s dive right into it. What are the best natural sweeteners, and how do they compare to refined sugar?
Rebecca: Yeah, great question! So just to preface this video, I was saying earlier — we could probably do a whole video on stevia, a whole video on erythritol, etcetera — so we’ll just kind of go over things at a high level.
Some alternatives to refined sugar — one of the more common ones I’m sure we all know — is stevia. So that comes from a leaf, and it’s about 200 times sweeter than sugar, which means a little bit goes a really long way.
We’ve got a few different options for stevia here at the store. This one here is just stevia by itself, so that’s one option — it comes in a little shaker. We’ve also got liquid forms as well. Stevia is a nice option because it’s zero-calorie, which is a big attraction.
Another one that’s really popular is monk fruit. We’ve got the little guy up there — that’s just liquid monk fruit. Again, it’s another zero-calorie sweetener, which is one of its big claims to fame.
Taste-wise, I like monk fruit a little more than stevia. I’m really not a stevia fan — are you?
Jonathan:
I’ve never tried it, to be honest with you, but I don’t think I would be.
Rebecca: Yeah, it’s something that… I don’t know, it just tastes artificial to me. But food scientists have played with it and made different forms that are more palatable, so there are some I like better than others — but for the most part, I’m not a fan.
Better taste for monk fruit than stevia, in my opinion, but it’s always going to be personal. Another really common one is erythritol. This guy right here is a mix between erythritol and monk fruit. Erythritol’s sweetness is about 70% of what sugar would be, so it’s different from monk fruit and stevia in that way — it’s not too intense, and that’s why it mixes nicely with something like monk fruit to help balance it out. It’s also very easy to use.
And then of course, if calories aren’t something you’re too worried about, you’ve got coconut sugar, honey, date sugar — lots of different options that way. We can get into when those are applicable and when they might not be.
The benefit of using more natural sugars is just that — they’re more natural. So when approaching the question of what sweetener to use, there are so many different avenues you can go down: am I looking for zero-calorie, or something less processed? What benefit am I hoping to get?
That’s where raw honey, coconut sugar, or maple syrup come in — they’re less processed and often have a lower glycemic load than pure cane sugar.
Jonathan:
Speaking of glycemic load, could you break that down for us? Why should we care about sweeteners and how they impact blood sugar?
Rebecca: Great question. First off, why should we care? Blood sugar is really important. We’ve talked about it a few different times in our videos — mental health being one of them. Anxiety and depression can be affected by blood sugar. It can really impact how we go about our day — our mood, energy, and focus.
But also, long term, you don’t want your blood sugar to be too high for too long, because that can lead to chronic health conditions like type 2 diabetes.
So, we should care about blood sugar for both long-term health and just feeling good day-to-day. Now, glycemic load is one of the tools that can be really helpful for us. Glycemic index is another — maybe more popular — but what’s nice about glycemic load is that it factors in protein, fat, and fiber. So it looks at the whole picture of a food, whereas glycemic index only looks at how quickly a food raises your blood sugar.
The glycemic index ranges from 0 to 100 — zero would be things like meat, cheese, or veggies, while 100 would be pure glucose (the most basic sugar molecule our body uses for energy).
Glycemic load, on the other hand, takes more into consideration and ranges from about 0 to 20.
For example, if you’re just looking at glycemic index, watermelon has a score of 80 out of 100 — so you might think, “Oh, I shouldn’t have watermelon.” But if you look at the glycemic load, it’s only around 5, because it factors in the water and fiber content.
So really, watermelon is a great food to consume and not something to worry about blood sugar–wise.
Jonathan:
Got it. So I know we talked about stevia earlier — what should people look for when choosing one?
Rebecca:
Like I said, there are different forms that have different flavorings, and it may just come down to experimenting — trying one and seeing if you like it. Because they'll be like, for example, this one says organic steviol glycosides, stevia, Reb Bon Diana extract, but there are different Latin names in different plants, of course.
So again, nuanced, right — like we could totally get into the weeds on it. But what I would say to think about is just how processed is it? You can get kind of a more natural, less refined stevia, and then you can get a more refined one. So that's just something I would consider. But overall, it looks like it is fairly safe.
Jonathan:
So how can moderation help us when considering our sweetener intake?
Rebecca:
Yeah, so something that was really interesting — I mean, I think I was definitely aware of it — but that came up when I was listening to podcasts and gathering more information leading up to our videos, was that our palate adjusts.
For example, stevia being about 200 times sweeter — if you're consuming a lot of that in a day, and then you try to have something more natural like an apple, you might find it pretty boring. So if you’ve had a few stevia-sweetened drinks in a day and that’s become your habit, your palate adjusts to that level of sweetness. That would be something to factor in.
Jonathan: There’s a lot of debate about artificial sweeteners. What are some potential downsides that people should be aware of?
Rebecca:
Yeah, a lot of debate. What I would say — the things that come up the most would be cancer risk, which is a big one. And I think we’ve all probably heard that about aspartame being a concern. Now, it does look like that has been fairly disputed. I think the first study that came out was in the 1970s on rats, but it turned out it was just one specific type of rat that had this cancer risk. Also, we are not rats — so that’s something to factor in as well.
So cancer risk is a big one, but for the most part, it looks like moderate intake of these artificial sweeteners is fairly safe.
Another one is obesity in terms of natural sweeteners — and that’s an interesting one. Again, we could do multiple videos on that. The idea being that even though it’s zero calories, your tongue and brain are still registering that sweet taste. In some people, there’s still that cascade of hormones, including insulin, that can happen and lead to fat storage. So that’s kind of where that comes in. There’s still a lot of debate around that — nothing final — but it’s something being investigated.
And the last thing is gut microbiome — and this can kind of play a role in that obesity picture. Certain people’s gut microbiomes respond differently to different artificial sweeteners. It depends which one we’re talking about, but one study was done on saccharin in mice and a small human study where their gut microbiomes changed based on their consumption of saccharin.
In about four out of seven human participants, they developed a bacteria called Firmicutes (if I’m saying that right), which is associated with obesity when they had a higher saccharin intake. The other three participants had no effect. So we’re all so individual — it’s hard to say, but there’s ongoing research happening there.
Jonathan: So does sugar influence mood or brain health? Are any sweeteners better for focus and mental clarity?
Rebecca:
Yeah, so that’s that blood sugar picture again that we talked about. It affects mood and energy. The key is moderating blood sugar — being mindful that if you’re having something sugary, include protein, fat, and fiber as well. That’ll lessen the blood sugar spike and help with mood and focus.
Jonathan: What’s one common myth about sugar or sweeteners that you’d love to bust right now?
Rebecca:
I think mine is that all sugar is bad. I think we’re moving away from that, thankfully — the “don’t put a banana in your smoothie” mindset. Again, it depends on your goals, but not all sugar is bad. Our bodies know what to do with it. If you have a fairly healthy body, it knows how to process it. So in moderation, sugar isn’t something you need to be afraid of.
Jonathan:
That’s good to hear for me, because I really like eating sugar. OK, but that’s going to do it for today. You can always come into Jo Anne’s Place and check out some of the sugar alternatives we have here. Our nutritionist, Rebecca, and many of our other associates would be happy to help you find something that’s right for you. But again, that’s it for today — and we’ll be back with another one soon.

