Sugars, Sugar Alcohols, & Artificial Sweeteners: A Deep Dive

With so many sugars and sweeteners on the market today, choosing the 'right one' can feel overwhelming.


From truly natural sweeteners like honey and maple syrup to sugar alcohols and zero-calorie artificial sweeteners (aspartame being the big one), the options on shelves today are seemingly endless - but some come with serious health risks and drawbacks. Whether you're managing your blood sugar, trying to cut down on sugar intake, or simply just want to better understand what you're putting in your body - we're here to help!


A high sugar intake is not healthy for our bodies, but let's face it - it is very difficult to cut out sugar entirely. And as studies emerge on the effects of sugar substitutes, we are better understanding the risks associated with many of them. So, when you're looking for a bit of sweet whether its in your coffee or you're reading the ingredients list on a product in the grocery store it is best to be informed.


In this post, we'll break down the pros and cons of each category - and some of the most popular kinds in each - so you can make more educated choices and find what's best for you.

Also be sure to check out our Wellness Wisdom video on this topic with our Lindsay Store Manager and Nutritionist, Rebecca Kerrivan!

*The Glycemic Index is a measure of how quickly blood glucose levels are likely to rise after eating a particular food. It is commonly used by diabetics to help manage blood sugar levels. Foods with a low score (1-55) spike sugar slowly, while a high GI score (70+) spikes blood sugar quickly. We offer it here as a resource if blood sugar levels are of concern to you, however, sweeteners/sugar with low GI are not necessarily 'good' and vice versa because other factors are involved.


*Glycemic Load gives you a more accurate picture of a food's real-life impact on your blood sugar by taking carbohydrates into account. To understand a food's overall impact on blood sugar, you need to know how quickly it makes glucose enter the bloodstream AND how much glucose per serving it delivers - which is what Glycemic Load does.


For example, Watermelon has a high glycemic index (80). But a serving of watermelon has so little carbohydrate that its glycemic load is only 5-8. If you went just by Glycemic Index, you might think watermelon wasn't a healthy choice, but Glycemic Load helps us understand that because it is low in carbohydrates, it will only slightly impact a person's blood glucose after consuming it.

When choosing a sugar, sugar alternative, or sweetener we always recommend using Certified Organic and Non-GMO wherever possible as this ensures the highest processing standards and lowers your risk of exposure to pesticides and other harsh chemicals.

Natural Sugars

Honey -  Unpasteurized, Raw, Manuka

Glycemic Index Rating: 59-61

Glycemic Load Rating: 10


  • All-natural
  • Available from local farms and apiaries - support local!
  • High in nutrients including anioxidants, prebiotics, calcium, magnesium, manganese, niacin, phosphorus, zinc, riboflavin, potassium, and propolis
  • Manuka honey specifically has high levels of methylglyoxal which has anti-bacterial properties


Calories per tablespoon: 64


Maple Syrup - 100% pure, no additives

Glycemic Index Rating: 54

Glycemic Load Rating: 36.9


  • All-natural
  • Available from local farms
  • Contains many trace minerals including zinc, manganese, calcium, potassium, and magnesium
  • Packed with up to 24 different antioxidants to help fight free radicals and inflammation


Calories per tablespoon: 52


Blue Agave Syrup/Nectar   - 100% pure, no additives, fair trade

Glycemic Index Rating: 15

Glycemic Load Rating: 11


  • All-natural
  • Ensure your agave is Fair-Trade.


Calories per tablespoon: 60


Dates  - 100% pure, no additives

Glycemic Index Rating: 31-60

Glycemic Load Rating: 8.5-24


  • All-natural
  • Glycemic rating depend on the variety of date
  • Dates are very nutritious with protein, potassium, magnesium, copper, manganese, vitamin B6, and iron
  • High in antioxidants and fiber


Calories per tablespoon: 33

Natural Sugar Alternatives

Monk Fruit Sweeteners


Monk fruit sweetener is created by removing the seeds and skin of the fruit and crushing it to collect the juice. Some monk fruit sweeteners (Like SweetMonk) are 100% pure, while others have additives or alcohols.


Glycemic Index Rating: 0

Glycemic Load Rating: 0


  • All-natural (if pure)
  • Available in liquid and powder/sugar
  • 100-250x sweeter than table sugar
  • Does not impact blood sugar levels, making it a popular option among diabetics
  • May have anti-inflammatory properties
  • Generally considered safe


Calories per tablespoon: 0


Stevia


Stevia sweeteners are made by extracting steviol glycosides from the leaves of the stevia plant and purifying them to remove some of the bitter attributes found in the crude extract. While some stevia products are pure, others contain sugar alcohols.


Glycemic Index Rating: 0

Glycemic Load Rating: 0


  • All-natural (if pure)
  • 200-350x sweeter than table sugar
  • Available in liquid and powder
  • Does not impact blood sugar levels, making it a popular option among diabetics
  • Generally considered a safe alternative, though some studies suggest interruption of beneficial gut bacteria
  • Some people do not like the taste/aftertaste of stevia


Calories per tablespoon: 0


Sugar Alcohols

Sugar alcohols are a controversial topic in the world of sweeteners.


What are they? Sugar alcohols are carbohydrates that occur naturally in foods like fruits and vegetables. However, the sugar alcohols sold on the market as 'sugar alternatives / sweeteners' are produced industrially. They are often used as sugar alternatives because they are lower in calories.


Erythritol


Erythritol is primarily produced through a fermentation process using yeast derived from corn or wheat starch.


Glycemic Index Rating: 0

Glycemic Load Rating: 0


  • 60-70% as sweet as table sugar
  • Does not impact blood sugar levels, making it a popular option among diabetics
  • Generally considered safe, though some studies suggest higher levels of erythritol in the blood are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events
  • Some people do not like the aftertaste of erythritol


Calories per tablespoon: 5


Xylitol


Xylitol is made through a process involving hydrogenation of xylose, a sugar, which is extracted from plant sources like birch bark or corn cobs. This process converts the xylose into xylitol.


Glycemic Index Rating: 7


  • All-natural (if pure)
  • About the same sweetness as table sugar
  • Generally considered a safe alternative, though higher levels of xylitol in the blood are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events like heart attack and stroke in some studies


Calories per tablespoon: 24


Artificial Sweeteners

Another controversial topic is artificial sweeteners. Products like Sweet N Low and Splenda have risen to the top as zero-calorie sugar alternatives, but their impact on health has come into question.


These products are typically made of

  • Acesulfame potassium (Sweet One, Sunett)
  • Advantame
  • Aspartame (NutraSweet, Equal)
  • Neotame (Newtame)
  • Saccharin (Sweet'N Low)
  • Sucralose (Splenda)


And while generally considered safe by the FDA and Health Canada, other organizations and scientific studies call for consumers to be wary of artificial sweeteners due to potential health risks - so this is something to be aware of.


Aspartame is considered a possible carcinogen by the WHO and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Other studies suggest negative effects of aspartame on cognitive function.


Saccharin has been studied for a potential link to cancer, though others find it to be safe.


In the end, understanding the different types of sugars, natural sweeteners, and sugar alternatives empowers us to make more informed choices for our health. Whether you prefer honey over stevia, or reach for coconut sugar instead of white sugar, the key is balance. No one option is perfect for every person or every situation—and that’s okay. Embracing the principle of “everything in moderation” allows you to enjoy a variety of sweeteners without overloading your system or feeling deprived. It’s not about cutting sugar out entirely, but about being mindful of what you’re choosing, how much, and why.


Jo Anne's Place Staff

We have been supporting the wellness of our communities since 1976.


Our highly trained staff are here to help. Our Product Educators have vast knowledge and experience with the products we carry in our stores - whether they take them themselves, have taken brand training, or have received feedback from customers. 


Please visit one of our stores to chat with them about we can help support you and get you feeling your best!

By Jonathan Tessier June 6, 2025
Many of us can't go a day without caffeine. It has come to the point where a lot of us are reliant on it, so it's probably a good time to do a deep dive into caffeine and find out how healthy/harmful it is. What is Caffeine? Caffeine is a natural stimulant commonly found in tea, coffee, and cacao plants. It stimulates the brain and central nervous system, helping you stay alert and prevents you from feeling tired. How Does it Work? Once consumed, caffeine is absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream. It functions by blocking the effects of adenosine, which is a neurotransmitter that relaxes the brain and makes you drowsy. What Are the Benefits? Improved Brain Function As stated above, caffeine works by blocking the brain-signaling molecule adenosine. This causes an increase in other signaling molecules, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which in turn, can benefit your mood and brain function. One review reports that after participants ingested 37.5–450 mg of caffeine, they had improved alertness, short-term recall, and reaction time. Metabolism Because of the way it affects the central nervous system, caffeine may increase metabolism by up to 11% and fat burning by up to 13%. In fact, 300 mg of caffeine per day may allow you to burn an extra 79 calories daily. This amount may seem small, but it’s similar to the average yearly weight gain of 2.2 pounds. Exercise Promotion In regards to exercise, caffeine may help the body use more fat as fuel. This can be helpful, as it allows glucose stored in muscles to last longer, which delays the time it takes your muscles to reach exhaustion. It may also improve muscle contractions and help you deal with fatigue better. May Protect Against Heart Disease and Diabetes You may have heard that caffeine raises the risk of heart disease. This is NOT true. Evidence shows a 16–18% lower risk of heart disease in men and women who drink between 1–4 cups of coffee daily. Other studies show that drinking 2–4 cups of coffee or green tea per day is linked to a 14–20% lower risk of stroke. It may also protect against diabetes. A review noted that those who drink the most coffee have up to a 29% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Similarly, those who consume the most caffeine have up to a 30% lower risk. Negative Effects Like all things, there is a limit to the benefits of caffeine. Caffeine consumption is generally considered safe, although habit forming. Generally, about 400 mg of caffeine is considered to be safe. This amounts to 2–4 cups of coffee per day Some side effects of consuming too much caffeine include: anxiety, restlessness, tremors, irregular heartbeat, and trouble sleeping. Too much caffeine may also cause headaches, migraine, and high blood pressure in some individuals. Alternatives If you don't enjoy consuming caffeine or are just looking for ways to increase your energy without it, there are several exercises you can practice: Start With A Snack If a food has a low sugar index, your body will absorb it slower than it would regularly, which doesn't lead to a sudden drop in energy. Try to make it something with a combination of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Carbs will provide quick energy and the fat and protein will keep you full and stop your body from burning energy too fast. Certain greens like spinach. collard greens or chards can also help you avoid an energy slump. Foods like these are naturally high in fiber, which can aid with glucose absorption and helps your blood sugar levels stay steady. Exercise Exercise, can be a great energy booster, even if it's just a simple walk. When you exercise, the cells in your body indicate that they need more energy. Our bodies are able to rise to the occasion and provide us with more. It can also trigger norepinephrine, which is a chemical in your brain that helps you feel awake and alert. Take a Power Nap A 20-minute nap is the perfect time to get the restorative benefits of the first couple of stages of sleep. Note that you should be careful napping for more than 20 minutes as it can lead to grogginess. Also, avoid napping later in the day as it may disrupt your sleep cycle. Do not rely on naps to make up for a full good night's sleep. Types of Caffeine Different From Coffee Caffeine isn't just in coffee, it's in a whole bunch of other food and drinks as well like: Coca Beans and Chocolate: Just like coffee beans, cocoa beans naturally contain caffeine. This means that all foods containing chocolate have some form of caffeine in them. 100% cocoa chocolate: 240 mg of caffeine — the equivalent of 2.5 cups of regular coffee Bittersweet chocolate (55% cocoa): 124 mg of caffeine Milk chocolate (33% cocoa): 45 mg of caffeine — around the amount of caffeine in a cup of black tea Green Tea: Green tea is a natural source of caffeine, providing about 30–50 mg of caffeine per 8-ounce (240-mL) serving, depending on the age of the leaves used. Gum: Gum is a soft, rubbery substance that has caffeine added to it during production. Some brands can provide up to 50 mg of caffeine. Conclusion Caffeine is not as harmful as you might think and actually has a lot of benefits associated with it. Like all things, it should be used in moderation as too much caffeine can cause side effects like: headaches, migraines and high blood pressure. But if you're feeling tired, you should be fine consuming a little bit of caffeine. It's best to stay alert and awake!
Text: All About Honey

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